Rarely encountered these days, scarlet fever is believed to be caused by sensitization to an erythrogenic toxin produced by strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.

A right parietal cephalhematoma was first noted on this 2-week-old girl 2 days after her birth.

A 2-day history of fever and sore throat and an erupting rash prompted the mother of a 5-year-old boy to bring her son into the office for evaluation.